Kantarō Suzuki
Kantarō Suzuki | |
|---|---|
鈴木 貫太郎 | |
 Suzuki c. 1940s | |
| 29th Prime Minister of Japan | |
| In office 7 April 1945 – 17 August 1945 | |
| Monarch | Hirohito |
| Preceded by | Kuniaki Koiso |
| Succeeded by | Naruhiko Higashikuni |
| President of the Privy Council | |
| In office 15 December 1945 – 13 June 1946 | |
| Monarch | Hirohito |
| Vice President | Shimizu Tōru |
| Preceded by | Hiranuma Kiichirō |
| Succeeded by | Shimizu Tōru |
| In office 10 August 1944 – 7 April 1945 | |
| Monarch | Hirohito |
| Vice President | Shimizu Tōru |
| Preceded by | Yoshimichi Hara |
| Succeeded by | Hiranuma Kiichirō |
| Vice President of the Privy Council | |
| In office 24 June 1940 – 10 August 1944 | |
| Monarch | Hirohito |
| President | Yoshimichi Hara |
| Preceded by | Yoshimichi Hara |
| Succeeded by | Shimizu Tōru |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 18 January 1868 Kuze, Izumi Province, Empire of Japan |
| Died | 17 April 1948 (aged 80) Noda, Chiba Prefecture, Japan |
| Political party | Imperial Rule Assistance Association (1940–1945) |
| Other political affiliations | Independent (Before 1940 and after 1945) |
| Spouse | Taka Adachi[1] |
| Children | Hajime Suzuki[2] |
| Relatives | Takao Suzuki (brother)[3] Suguru Suzuki (nephew)[3] |
| Alma mater | Imperial Japanese Naval Academy |
| Profession | Admiral, politician |
| Awards | Order of the Golden Kite (3rd class) |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Empire of Japan |
| Branch/service |  Imperial Japanese Navy |
| Years of service | 1887–1929 |
| Rank |  Admiral |
| Commands | Akashi, Soya, Shikishima, Tsukuba Maizuru Naval District, IJN 2nd Fleet, IJN 3rd Fleet, Kure Naval District, Combined Fleet |
| Battles/wars | |
Baron Kantarō Suzuki (鈴木 貫太郎, 18 January 1868 – 17 April 1948[4]) was a Japanese politician and admiral who served as prime minister of Japan from 7 April to 17 August 1945, during World War II. He was prime minister at the time of Japan's surrender on 15 August.
Born in Osaka, Suzuki graduated from the Naval Academy and Staff College and served in the First Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars. He was promoted to full admiral in 1923 and served as chief of the naval general staff from 1925 to 1929. In 1945, Suzuki was appointed prime minister shortly after the start of the Battle of Okinawa and the resignation of prime minister Kuniaki Koiso. After the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July, which called for Japan's unconditional surrender, Suzuki dismissed it with the word mokusatsu. On 14 August, Suzuki attended the conference at which Emperor Hirohito made the decision to surrender over his divided cabinet. Japan surrendered the next day, and Suzuki resigned on 17 August.
Biography
[edit]Early life
[edit]Suzuki was born on 18 January 1868, in Izumi Province (present-day Sakai, Osaka), the first son of local governor (daikan) of Sekiyado Domain Suzuki Yoshinori. He grew up in the city of Sekiyado, Shimōsa Province (present-day Noda, Chiba Prefecture).[5]
Naval career
[edit]Suzuki entered the 14th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1884, graduating 13th of 45 cadets in 1887. Suzuki served on the corvettes Tsukuba, Tenryū and cruiser Takachiho as a midshipman. On being commissioned as ensign, he served on the corvette Amagi, cruiser Takao, corvette Jingei, ironclad Kongō, and gunboat Maya. After his promotion to lieutenant on 21 December 1892, he served as chief navigator on the corvettes Kaimon, Hiei, and Kongō.[4]
Suzuki served in the First Sino-Japanese War, commanding a torpedo boat and participated in a night torpedo assault in the Battle of Weihaiwei in 1895. Afterwards, he was promoted to lieutenant commander on 28 June 1898 after graduation from the Naval Staff College and assigned to a number of staff positions including that of naval attaché to Germany from 1901 to 1903.[4] On his return, he was promoted to commander on 26 September 1903. He came to be known as the leading torpedo warfare expert in the Imperial Japanese Navy.[6]
During the Russo-Japanese War, Suzuki commanded Destroyer Division 2 in 1904, which picked up survivors of the Port Arthur Blockade Squadron during the Battle of Port Arthur. He was appointed executive officer of the cruiser Kasuga on 26 February 1904, aboard which he participated in the Battle of the Yellow Sea. During the pivotal Battle of Tsushima, Suzuki was commander of Destroyer Division 4 under the IJN 2nd Fleet, which assisted in sinking the Russian battleship Navarin.[6]
After the war, Suzuki was promoted to captain on 28 September 1907 and commanded the destroyer Akashi (1908), followed by the cruiser Soya (1909), battleship Shikishima (1911) and cruiser Tsukuba (1912). Promoted to rear admiral on 23 May 1913 and assigned to command the Maizuru Naval District. Suzuki became Vice Minister of the Navy from 1914 to 1917, during World War I.[6] Promoted to vice admiral on 1 June 1917,[4] he brought the cruisers Asama and Iwate to San Francisco in early 1918 with 1,000 cadets, and was received by U.S. Navy Rear Admiral William Fullam. The Japanese cruisers then proceeded to South America. After stints as Commandant of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, Commander of the IJN 2nd Fleet, then the IJN 3rd Fleet, then Kure Naval District, he became a full admiral on 3 August 1923. Suzuki became Commander in Chief of Combined Fleet in 1924.[4] After serving as Chief of Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff from 15 April 1925 to 22 January 1929, he retired and accepted the position as Privy Councillor and Grand Chamberlain from 1929 to 1936.
Suzuki narrowly escaped assassination in the February 26 Incident in 1936; the would-be assassin's bullet remained inside his body for the rest of his life, and was only revealed upon his cremation. Suzuki was opposed to Japan's war with the United States, before and throughout World War II.
-
Kantaro became full Admiral in 1923.
Prime minister
[edit]
On 7 April 1945, Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso resigned and Suzuki was appointed to take his place at the age of seventy-seven. He simultaneously held the portfolios for Minister for Foreign Affairs and for Greater East Asia.
Prime Minister Suzuki contributed to the final peace negotiations with the Allied Powers in World War II. He was involved in calling two unprecedented imperial conferences which helped resolve the split within the Japanese Imperial Cabinet over the Potsdam Declaration. He outlined the terms to Emperor Hirohito who had already agreed to accept unconditional surrender. This went strongly against the military faction of the cabinet, who desired to continue the war in hopes of negotiating a more favorable peace agreement. Part of this faction attempted to assassinate Suzuki twice in the Kyūjō Incident on the morning of 15 August 1945.
After the surrender of Japan became public, Suzuki resigned and Prince Higashikuni became the next prime minister. Suzuki was the Chairman of the Privy Council from 7 August 1944 to 7 June 1945 and again after the surrender of Japan from 15 December 1945 to 13 June 1946.
Suzuki died of natural causes on 17 April, 1948. His grave is in his home town of Noda, Chiba. One of his two sons became director of Japan's immigration service, while the other was a successful lawyer.
Honours
[edit]
From the corresponding Japanese Wikipedia article
Peerages
[edit]- Baron (20 November 1936)
Decorations
[edit]- Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd Class (28 August 1915; Fourth Class: 30 May 1905; Fifth Class: 30 November 1901; Sixth Class: 18 November 1895)
- Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd Class (1 April 1906; Fifth Class: 18 November 1895)
- Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1 April 1916; Second Class: 19 January 1916; Third Class: 1 April 1906)
- Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers (April 29, 1934)
Notes
[edit]- ^ Mohri, Hideo (2019). Imperial Biologists. Springer Nature Singapore. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-981-13-6756-4.
- ^ Mydans, Carl (1 October 1945). "Jap Admiral Hides: Vengeful terrorists are after Peacemaker Suzuki". Life.
- ^ a b Stephan, John J. (2001). Hawaii Under the Rising Sun: Japan's Plans for Conquest After Pearl Harbor. University of Hawaii Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780824825508.
- ^ a b c d e [1] Nishida, People of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
- ^ "≪"オール野田市"で鈴木貫太郎記念館を再建≫ 野田市鈴木貫太郎記念館 再建基金の創設へ" (PDF). Noda City. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
- ^ a b c Kowner, Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War, p. 363–365.
References
[edit]- Frank, Richard (2001). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-100146-1.
- Gilbert, Martin (2004). The Second World War: A Complete History. Holt. ISBN 0-8050-7623-9.
- Keegan, John (2005). The Second World War. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-303573-8.
- Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4927-5.
External links
[edit]
- Annotated bibliography for Suzuki Kantarō from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
- Nishida, Hiroshi. "Imperial Japanese Navy". Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- Suzuki Kantarō and Pacific War at 1945 (in Japanese)
| Empire of Japan (1868–1947) |
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| State of Japan (1947–present) |
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- 1868 births
- 1948 deaths
- 20th-century prime ministers of Japan
- People from Sakai, Osaka
- Military personnel from Chiba Prefecture
- Imperial Japanese Navy admirals
- Ministers for foreign affairs of Japan
- Government ministers of Japan
- Shooting survivors
- Kazoku
- Japanese military personnel of the First Sino-Japanese War
- Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
- Japanese admirals of World War II
- Imperial Rule Assistance Association politicians
- Imperial Rule Assistance Association prime ministers of Japan
- Recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite
- Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
- Politicians from Chiba Prefecture
- Imperial Japanese Naval Academy alumni
- Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure